Aditya-L1 is India's first solar mission

Aditya-L1 is India's first solar mission to study the Sun in a detailed manner. It is a space-based observatory-class mission that will be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrangian point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system. The L1 point is located about 1.5 million kilometers from Earth and is a stable location where the gravitational forces of the Sun and Earth balance each other out.

Aditya-L1 is scheduled to be launched on September 2, 2023, by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) using a PSLV-C57 rocket. The spacecraft will carry seven payloads to study the Sun's atmosphere, including the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. The payloads will use a variety of techniques to study the Sun, including remote sensing and in-situ measurements.

The main objectives of the Aditya-L1 mission are to:

• Study the physical processes that heat the solar corona
• Understand the dynamics of coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
• Investigate the origin of solar energetic particles (SEPs)
• Improve our understanding of space weather

Aditya-L1 is a significant mission for India as it will be the country's first dedicated solar mission. The mission is expected to make significant contributions to our understanding of the Sun and its impact on space weather.

Here are the seven payloads on board Aditya-L1:

• Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC): This instrument will image the solar corona in the visible light spectrum.
• Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS): This instrument will image the solar corona in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrum.
• High-Resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C): This instrument will image the solar corona in the EUV spectrum with high spatial resolution.
• Solar Wind Composition Spectrometer (SWICS): This instrument will measure the composition of the solar wind.
• In-Situ Magnetometer (ISM): This instrument will measure the magnetic field in the vicinity of Aditya-L1.
• Solar Particle Detector (SPD): This instrument will detect solar energetic particles.
• Solar X-ray Spectrometer (SXS): This instrument will measure the X-ray spectrum of the Sun.
• Solar Radio Spectrometer (SRS): This instrument will measure the radio spectrum of the Sun.

The Aditya-L1 mission is a major undertaking for ISRO and is expected to be a significant contribution to our understanding of the Sun. The mission is scheduled to last for five years, but could be extended if necessary.